Permutations are a variation of the fundamental counting principle except that you are determining a certain number of combinations from a single set. More importantly, the order in which you choose elements from the set matters. For example, you would use permutations when making a password (123 is not the same as 321). Also, [...]

The Fundamental Counting Principle determines the number of combinations one can make with data pulled from independent sets. For example, an ice‐cream store has many flavors of ice cream and many types of toppings. The flavors are elements in one set while the toppings are elements in another set. If you are allowed to [...]

A sequence in math is a series of values or objects that occur in a specific order and are related in a specific way. Your job is to determine how that specific order occurs; in other words, you must recognize the pattern of the terms in the sequence. You may be asked to solve [...]

Percent of change is used to measure a specific percent increase or decrease of an integer or measurement, such as a discount on an item, marking up the price of an item, or changing the size of a geometric shape. Basically, you find the difference between the original value and the new value and [...]

A percent is a mathematical relationship between two quantities where one quantity is a particular portion of the other quantity. This relationship is always defined within the context of a certain number of parts out of 100 parts, where the first number is the percentage. You can determine what percent a quantity is of [...]

A ratio demonstrates a mathematical relationship between two quantities, and can be represented as a fraction, two numbers joined by a colon, or two numbers joined by the word “to.” If the ratio is a fraction, generally the first value mentioned goes in the numerator while the second value goes in the denominator. If [...]

The factors of a number are integers that can be divided evenly (without a remainder) into the number. For example, the number 20 is divisible by 5 in that 5 can go into 20 four times without going over or under the number 20. However, the number 20 is not divisible by 6, as [...]

A basic representation of a number, such as 546, is designated as standard notation. Expanded notation demonstrates the place value for each digit in a number by multiplying each digit by its place value and adding all the digits together. You do not have to multiply 1 to the one’s place, but it can [...]

Powers or exponents refer to multiplying the same number to itself a certain number of times, and the same is true for variables and algebraic expressions. The exponent will be located in the upper right hand corner next to the number and will be much smaller than the number (called superscript). When the power [...]

Number lines are used to visually represent the relationships between integers, fractions, and decimals and to show how mathematic operations work in these relationships. Some number lines are shown with arrows pointing in opposite directions on either end of the line to designate a continuity of sequence in positive and negative numbers. The number line [...]